Dr betsy grunch net worth - Claim or edit this profile at. Dr. Betsy H. Grunch (Hughes) is a Neurosurgeon in Gainesville, GA. Find Dr. Grunch's phone number, address, insurance information, …

 
Foto: Dr. Betsy Grunch Dr. Betsy Grunch followed fad diets for years but could never lose weight sustainably. By educating herself about nutrition, she lost 50 pounds and has kept it off for years.. Colt 1911 mk iv

Betsy Grunch is a Neurosurgery doctor in Braselton, Georgia. Dr. Grunch and is highly rated in 17 conditions, according to our data. Her top areas of expertise are Spinal Stenosis, Scoliosis, Subdural Hematoma, Microdiscectomy, and Cervical Disc Surgery. Dr. Grunch is currently accepting new p...It seems like everyone and their mother is getting into machine learning, Apple included. You can now train neural nets in Xcode! Receive Stories from @Alex_WulffBecker’s Spine Review’s recently released list of “29 Women in Spine and Neurosurgery to Know” includes Betsy H. Grunch, M.D., a neurosurgeon at The Longstreet Clinic, P.C. According to Becker’s, the list incudes women who are currently practicing orthopedic spine and neurospine surgery. Many of the women on the list have leadership roles within their organizations, participated […]Jan 18, 2024 · Dr. Betsy Grunch followed fad diets for years but could never lose weight sustainably. By educating herself about nutrition, she lost 50 pounds and has kept it off for years. Grunch decided to lose a final 30 pounds by taking Mounjaro, a buzzy drug that aids weight loss. Dr. Betsy Grunch has tried all sorts of diets and weight-loss plans. Case study 68 - the most painful condition known to mankind 50yo woman presents to my office with worsening pain along her jaw line on one side of her...Neurosurgery* • Female • Age 44. Dr. Betsy Grunch, MD is a neurosurgery specialist in Gainesville, GA and has over 16 years of experience in the medical field. Dr. Grunch has extensive experience in Spine Disorders & Surgical Procedures. She graduated from Augusta University Medical College of Georgia in 2007.Dr. Betsy Grunch is a provider with The Longstreet Clinic, PC - Neurosurgery who specializes in Neurosurgery. She earned her medical degree from Augusta University. …That’s so scary. So many people are driving and wandering around that area that don’t know where they are going and aren’t paying attention.Dr. Betsy Grunch, 43, was inspired to train as a brain and spinal cord surgeon after a horrific incident left her mom, Betty Uriegas, 63, paralyzed from the neck down. In 1994, Betty Uriegas was ...Dr. Betsy H Grunch MD Neurosurgeon. 4/5 (9) Box 3951 Duke University Medi Durham NC, 27710 Show map. Write A Review . Rating. 4/5 About; Contacts & Locations; About. Dr. Betsy Grunch practices Neurological Surgery in Durham, NC. As a Neurological Surgeon, Dr. Grunch prevents, diagnoses, evaluates, and treats disorders of the …Dr. Betsy Grunch Net Worth In 2024: Net Worth: $5 Million Nickname: The Brain Healer Birthdate: April 5, 1979 Age: 45 Birthplace: Atlanta, Georgia, USADr. Betsy Grunch - Ladyspinedoc · Original audio. Video. Home. Live. Reels. Shows. Explore. More. Home. Live. Reels. Shows. Explore. How I started on social media. I sat down with @drsinicropi to talk all things spine surgery and social! #socialmedia #doctor #surgeon #spinesurgeon. Like. Comment. Share. 48 · 3 comments · 2.1K Plays. Dr ...Dr. Betsy Grunch’s net worth is estimated to be around $15 million, reflecting her success as a neurosurgeon and content creator. What is Betsy Grunch’s salary? Neurosurgeons like Dr. Grunch typically earn a significant income due to the specialized nature of their work, even though they do not publicly disclose specific salary details.Dr. Betsy Grunch is a renowned psychologist with a net worth of $10 million. She is best known for her work on the psychology of happiness and has written several books on the subject. Her work has been featured in major publications such as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and Forbes.Dr. Betsy Grunch - Ladyspinedoc Reels, Gainesville, Georgia. 62,480 likes · 66,641 talking about this. 喙 Board certified neurosurgeon 易 | Spine specialist | Opinions are my own. Watch the latest reel...Need a dot net developer in Poland? Read reviews & compare projects by leading dot net developers. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Development Language...Dr. Betsy Grunch and Dr. James Reeves performed the surgery on July 7, 2016 at Northeast Georgia Medical Center – Georgia’s #1 Hospital (CareChex®) and one of the nation’s 100 Top Hospitals (Truven Health Analytics®).Name: Betsy Grunch; Betsy Grunch MD Net Worth: Around $10 Million; Date of Birth: 1981; Gender Identity: Female; Place of Birth: Gainesville, Georgia; Nationality: American; Betsy Grunch MD Net Worth & Source of Income. Besides her academic career, she accumulates money from equity, speaking engagements, and consulting in Grunch Innovations.Betsy Grunch is a Neurosurgery doctor in Braselton, Georgia. Dr. Grunch and is highly rated in 17 conditions, according to our data. Her top areas of expertise are Spinal Stenosis, Scoliosis, Subdural Hematoma, Microdiscectomy, and Cervical Disc Surgery. Dr. Grunch is currently accepting new p...Methods Used To Estimate Betsy Grunch’s Net Worth. Estimating Betsy Grunch’s net worth is a complex task that often involves a combination of methods, data sources, and expert analysis, especially when specific financial data is not publicly disclosed. Here, we delve into the methods used to estimate her net worth: 1.On today's episode, we are joined by Dr. Betsy Grunch! She is a board-certified surgeon specializing in neurosurgery. She is also a BADDIE Wife, Mother, and Tik Tok Girlie with over 796K followers, 38.3M views, and a social media presence bringing the best women empowerment Cellfie energy.About. Dr. Grunch. Dr. Betsy Grunch graduated from Medical College of Georgia in 2007. Dr. Grunch has four offices in Georgia where she specializes in Neurosurgery. Learn more . Dr. Grunch works with eighty-one doctors including Dr. Ellen Sanders and Dr. William Weaver . Office Info & Directions. Advertisement.After maintaining her weight loss by fasting and eating high-protein, Dr. Betsy Grunch lost a further 30 pounds on the GLP-1 drug Mounjaro. All reactions: 4. 1 share. Like. Comment.New patients are welcome to create a MyChart account through the link below. This will allow quicker check in and allow you to view your test results directly all from your phone!Dr. Betsy Grunch followed fad diets for years but could never lose weight sustainably. By educating herself about nutrition, she lost 50 pounds and has kept it off for years.Your Health. Our Specialty. During your initial visit you will be seen by our staff who will ask you about your medical history and your symptoms.She is the founder and CEO of Grunch & Co., a multi-billion-dollar investment firm. She has made a name for herself in the business world, and is an inspiration to many aspiring entrepreneurs. In this article, we will take a look at Betsy Grunch’s age, bio, net worth, and lifestyle. Betsy Grunch’s Age. Betsy Grunch is currently in her mid-50s.Betsy H Grunch. Oren N Gottfried. View. Betsy H Grunch's 8 research works with 316 citations and 1,174 reads, including: Arachnoiditis ossificans of the thoracic spine.Betsy Grunch Net Worth 2024 Posted on April 3, 2024 | 1 minutes | 207 words | Abbie Anker. To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Not consenting or …Aug 3, 2023 · She is the founder and CEO of Grunch & Co., a multi-billion-dollar investment firm. She has made a name for herself in the business world, and is an inspiration to many aspiring entrepreneurs. In this article, we will take a look at Betsy Grunch’s age, bio, net worth, and lifestyle. Betsy Grunch’s Age. Betsy Grunch is currently in her mid-50s. Dr, Rachael gave birth to her daughter Rebekkah Story Ross in March 2016. At birth, she weighed 8 pounds. The birth announcement was an Instagram post of her daughter’s tiny feet. Before giving birth, Dr. Rachael had outsourced the decoration of her baby’s nursery. It was painted in mellow pink and muted bling.New patients are welcome to create a MyChart account through the link below. This will allow quicker check in and allow you to view your test results directly all from your phone!New patients are welcome to create a MyChart account through the link below. This will allow quicker check in and allow you to view your test results directly all from your phone!I'm Dr. Betsy Grunch, also known as LadySpineDoc. Welcome to my channel! I am a board certified neurosurgeon who practices in Gainesville, Georgia. I perform all neurosurgical procedures ...On today's episode, we are joined by Dr. Betsy Grunch! She is a board-certified surgeon specializing in neurosurgery. She is also a BADDIE Wife, Mother, and Tik Tok Girlie with over 796K followers, 38.3M views, and a social media presence bringing the best women empowerment Cellfie energy. Ladyspinedoc⚡️ | Dr. Grunch 🧠 (@ladyspinedoc) on TikTok | 92.5M Likes. 1.6M Followers. Neurosurgeon mom Medicine | Motherhood | Humor biz • [email protected] the latest video from Ladyspinedoc⚡️ | Dr. Grunch 🧠 (@ladyspinedoc). Feb 22, 2024 · Dr. Betsy Grunch’s estimated net worth is in the range of $10 million to $15 million, primarily derived from her successful career in the medical field and strategic investments. Endorsements Dr. Grunch has secured lucrative endorsements from leading healthcare brands, further boosting her financial standing. Dr Rola Rabah Married. Check the full bio for relationship details. Introduction : Personal Life, Parents and Family Details : Education : Qualifications, High School & College Info Career, Salary and Net Worth : Interesting Facts, Height and Trivia : No confirmed information is available on the year she was born. Related postsDr Holly …In conclusion, Dr. Betsy Grunch’s remarkable journey as a board-certified neurosurgeon, content creator, patient advocate, and doctor has undeniably contributed to her …Jan 18, 2024 · Dr. Betsy Grunch followed fad diets for years but could never lose weight sustainably. By educating herself about nutrition, she lost 50 pounds and has kept it off for years. Grunch decided to lose a final 30 pounds by taking Mounjaro, a buzzy drug that aids weight loss. Dr. Betsy Grunch has tried all sorts of diets and weight-loss plans. The Longstreet Clinic, PC. 725 Jesse Jewell Pkwy Se, Gainesville, GA 30501 map. Call for an Appointment. Dr. Betsy Grunch is a neurosurgeon in Gainesville. She provides surgical treatments for a range of conditions affecting the nervous system, such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.Nov 7, 2022 · Hear Dr. Betsy Grunch speak about how she became interested in neurosurgery and ultimately became a neurosurgeon in her hometown of Gainesville, Georgia.#neu... Dec 28, 2023 · In conclusion, Dr. Betsy Grunch’s remarkable journey as a board-certified neurosurgeon, content creator, patient advocate, and doctor has undeniably contributed to her impressive net worth, which stands at approximately $10 million. Dr. Betsy Grunch is a provider with The Longstreet Clinic, PC - Neurosurgery who specializes in Neurosurgery. She earned her medical degree from Augusta University. Dr. Grunch is board certified in Neurological Surgery. Practice Locations: Gainesville, GA, Braselton, GA. Specialties: Neurosurgery.Need a dot net developer in Chile? Read reviews & compare projects by leading dot net developers. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Development Languages...Betsy H. Grunch, MD has been registered with the National Provider Identifier database since April 17, 2008, and her NPI number is 1265606644. Dr. Grunch certified her NPI information on 08/27/2021. Book an Appointment. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Betsy H. Grunch, please call (706) 754-8518.Live view of the next time I see @pagingthepa #neurosurgery #surgery #operatingroom #physicianassistant #surgeon. Dr. Betsy Grunch - Ladyspinedoc · Original audioAbout. Dr. Grunch. Dr. Betsy Grunch graduated from Medical College of Georgia in 2007. Dr. Grunch has four offices in Georgia where she specializes in Neurosurgery. Learn more . Dr. Grunch works with eighty-one doctors including Dr. Ellen Sanders and Dr. William Weaver . Office Info & Directions. Advertisement.Calculating Your Net Worth - Calculating your net worth is done using a simple formula. Read this page to see exactly how to calculate your net worth. Advertisement Now that you've...A Quick Peek into Betsy Grunch’s Fortune: Neurosurgeon and Chief of Spine Surgery; Net worth estimated between $10 million to $20 million; Expert in minimally invasive spine surgery Dr. Betsy Grunch - Ladyspinedoc Reels, Gainesville, Georgia. 62,480 likes · 66,641 talking about this. 喙 Board certified neurosurgeon 易 | Spine specialist | Opinions are my own. Watch the latest reel... www.drgrunch.comWhat happens if the surgeon has to sneeze? #surgery #operatingroom #themoreyouknow. Dr. Betsy Grunch - Ladyspinedoc · Original audioDec 18, 2023 · RELATED: Betsy Grunch Net Worth. Career. Dr. Bobby Price’s career is nothing short of exemplary, with a trajectory that began as a Clinical Staff Pharmacist in the ... Best of Habersham: Healthcare (Voted upon by readers of The Northeast Georgian). Who's Who in Healthcare: Atlanta Business Chronicle, Mimi Collins, CEO. The Northeast GeorgianIt seems like everyone and their mother is getting into machine learning, Apple included. You can now train neural nets in Xcode! Receive Stories from @Alex_WulffAs a busy doctor and mom, Dr. Betsy Grunch often ate high-calorie, convenience foods. Learning more about nutrition helped her lose weight long-term.(RTTNews) - Leonardo DRS (DRS), a provider of advanced defense technologies, reported Tuesday that its fourth-quarter net earnings grew 12 percent... (RTTNews) - Leonardo DRS (DRS)...We knew it was coming, but on Tuesday, FCC Chairman Ajit Pai announced his plan to gut net neutrality and hand over control of the internet to service providers like Comcast, AT&T... Best of Habersham: Healthcare (Voted upon by readers of The Northeast Georgian). Who's Who in Healthcare: Atlanta Business Chronicle, Mimi Collins, CEO. The Northeast Georgian Hear Dr. Betsy Grunch speak about how she became interested in neurosurgery and ultimately became a neurosurgeon in her hometown of Gainesville, Georgia.#neu...New patients are welcome to create a MyChart account through the link below. This will allow quicker check in and allow you to view your test results directly all from your phone!But beyond her on-screen persona, there is much more to Betsy Grunch than meets the eye. In this article, we will delve into Betsy Grunch’s net worth and explore some interesting facts about the talented actress. 1. Betsy Grunch’s Early Life. Betsy Grunch was born on April 15, 1985, in Los Angeles, California.Contact Information. Dr Betsy H Grunch, MD. 1240 Jesse Jewell Pkwy Se, Ste 300, Gainesville, GA 30501. (770) 534-7200. (678) 450-3778. Location: Gainesville · 500+ connections on LinkedIn. View Betsy Grunch, MD, FAANS, FACS’ profile on LinkedIn, a professional community of 1 billion members. Ladyspinedoc⚡️ | Dr. Grunch 🧠 (@ladyspinedoc) on TikTok | 92.5M Likes. 1.6M Followers. Neurosurgeon mom Medicine | Motherhood | Humor biz • [email protected] the latest video from Ladyspinedoc⚡️ | Dr. Grunch 🧠 (@ladyspinedoc).Dr. Richina Bicette June 29, 1987. As of 2024, she is around 37 years old. Introduction : Personal Life : Parents, Family and Education Education : Qualifications, High School & College Info Career, Job, Salary and Net Worth : Interesting Facts, Height and Trivia : Check the full bio for relationship details. Related postsDr Holly… Read More …Dr. Betsy Grunch is a renowned psychologist with a net worth of $10 million. She is best known for her work on the psychology of happiness and has written several books on the subject. Her work has been featured in major publications such as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and Forbes.Dr. Betsy Grunch’s Net Worth 2024, Personal Life, Career, Age, Height, Weight, Facts, and EverythingUS education secretary Betsy DeVos is in the country to learn about its apprenticeships, which train both welders and lawyers alike. The US consistently underperforms on internatio...Dr. Grunch is currently the Chief of Spine Surgery at the University of Arizona – Banner Health and practices at the Longstreet Clinic Neurosurgery and Orthopedic Surgery. Her dedication and expertise in the medical field, combined with her creative endeavors as a content creator, have undeniably contributed to her impressive net worth ...704K Followers, 849 Following, 2,803 Posts - Betsy Grunch, MD | Neurosurgeon (@ladyspinedoc) on Instagram: "喙 Board certified 易 | Spine specialist Medicine | Motherhood | Humor Biz • [email protected] 1.9M+ TikTok Opinions are my own "Betsy Grunch. TikTok Star Birthday February 27, 1980. Birth Sign Pisces. Birthplace Gainesville, GA . Age 44 years old #23785 Most Popular. Boost. About . TikTok star ...We knew it was coming, but on Tuesday, FCC Chairman Ajit Pai announced his plan to gut net neutrality and hand over control of the internet to service providers like Comcast, AT&T...Infectious Disease Specialist. Internist / Geriatrician. Massage Therapist. Midwife. View all Specialties. Dr. Betsy H. Grunch has a 5.0/5 rating from patients. Visit RateMDs for Dr. Betsy H. Grunch reviews, contact info, practice history, affiliated hospitals & more.Claim or edit this profile at. Dr. Betsy H. Grunch (Hughes) is a Neurosurgeon in Gainesville, GA. Find Dr. Grunch's phone number, address, insurance information, …Dr. Betsy Grunch followed fad diets for years but could never lose weight sustainably. By educating herself about nutrition, she lost 50 pounds and has kept it off for years.Dr. Betsy Grunch - Ladyspinedoc Reels, Gainesville, Georgia. 62,480 likes · 66,641 talking about this. 喙 Board certified neurosurgeon 易 | Spine specialist | Opinions are my own. Watch the latest reel...Feb 19, 2024 · Dr. Betsy Grunch’s net worth is estimated to be around $10 million. This impressive figure is a testament to her successful career in neurosurgery, her innovative contributions to the medical field through Grunch Innovations, and her active presence on social media. I'm Dr. Betsy Grunch, also known as LadySpineDoc. Welcome to my channel! I am a board certified neurosurgeon who practices in Gainesville, Georgia. I perform all neurosurgical procedures ...Dr. Betsy Grunch, MD is a Neurological Surgeon, who primarily practices in Gainesville, GA with 1 additional practice location. She is board certified. Dr. Grunch is fluent in English and is currently seeing new patients. To book an appointment or to confirm insurance options, please call Dr. Grunch’s office at (770) 534-7200.Dr. Betsy Grunch, MD, is a Neurological Surgery specialist practicing in Gainesville, GA with undefined years of experience. This provider currently accepts 26 insurance plans including Medicare and Medicaid. New patients are welcome. Hospital affiliations include Northeast Georgia Medical Center. ByGok Official Last Updated: March 11, 2024. Dr. Doug Weiss is a licensed psychologist and the founder of Heart to Heart Counseling Centers in Colorado Springs who has a net worth of $8 Million. He is known for his work on intimacy anorexia, a condition in which people withhold emotional, physical, and spiritual intimacy from their partners. ByGok Official Last Updated: March 11, 2024. Dr. Doug Weiss is a licensed psychologist and the founder of Heart to Heart Counseling Centers in Colorado Springs who has a net worth of $8 Million. He is known for his work on intimacy anorexia, a condition in which people withhold emotional, physical, and spiritual intimacy from their partners.Betsy H. Grunch, MD has been registered with the National Provider Identifier database since April 17, 2008, and her NPI number is 1265606644. Dr. Grunch certified her NPI information on 08/27/2021. Book an Appointment. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Betsy H. Grunch, please call (706) 754-8518.Dr. Betsy Grunch followed fad diets for years but could never lose weight sustainably. By educating herself about nutrition, she lost 50 pounds and has kept it off for years.The net worth of his YouTube channel alone is estimated at $686,920, with daily earnings from YouTube advertising averaging around $3,023. ... Dr. Betsy Grunch Net ...Location: Gainesville · 500+ connections on LinkedIn. View Betsy Grunch, MD, FAANS, FACS’ profile on LinkedIn, a professional community of 1 billion members. Location: Gainesville · 500+ connections on LinkedIn. View Betsy Grunch, MD, FAANS, FACS’ profile on LinkedIn, a professional community of 1 billion members. To conclude, Dr. Betsy Grunch’s remarkable journey as a board-certified neurosurgeon, author, patient advocate, and doctor has undeniably contributed to her net worth, which stands at about $10 Billion as a result of her incredible success.

One of the most respected names in fintech is Betsy Cohen, the founder of The Bancorp (NASDAQ:TBBK). Cohen has launched numerous SPACs over the la... One of the most respected name.... Micheal mjd

dr betsy grunch net worth

Dr. Betsy Grunch Joins The Longstreet Clinic. The Longstreet Clinic in Gainesville, Ga., announced that it has added Betsy H. Grunch, MD, to its medical staff. Dr. Grunch has completed a spine surgery fellowship Duke University School of Medicine in Durham. She is a member of the American College of Surgeons, Association of Women Surgeons and ...After maintaining her weight loss by fasting and eating high-protein, Dr. Betsy Grunch lost a further 30 pounds on the GLP-1 drug Mounjaro. All reactions: 4. 1 share.Dr. Betsy Grunch is a leading figure in neurosurgery, known for her work in minimally invasive spine surgery. She boasts a Betsy Grunch net worth of $10 million. As the Chief of Spine Surgery at the University of Arizona – Banner Health, she combines surgical skill with business acumen.Physician cited as '40 under 40' entered field after mother’s accident. Dr. Betsy Grunch, a neurosurgeon with The Longstreet Clinic in Gainesville, was recognized in the University of Georgia's ...Betsy Grunch's Amazon Page - Kid Books. My Weight Loss Journey on Business Insider. Ladyspinedoc x JUNK Headband Collection. Compression socks - use code LADYSPINEDOC for 15% off! YouTube. TikTok. Instagram. Facebook . LinkedIn. X. Ladyspinedoc's Amazon Page. Dr. Grunch’s Recovery Shop. Ladyspinedoc on LTK. …5524 Christus Dr Texarkana, TX 75503-1668 T: 903.838.5554 F: 903.838.5560. Map and Directions Map and Directions. Prev Bio . ... He specializes in developing tailored …Dr. Betsy Grunch - Ladyspinedoc, Gainesville, Georgia. 42,041 likes · 86,883 talking about this. 喙 Board certified neurosurgeon 易 | Spine specialist | Opinions are my ownDr. Betsy Grunch, 43, was inspired to train as a brain and spinal cord surgeon after a horrific incident left her mom, Betty Uriegas, 63, paralyzed from the neck down. In 1994, Betty Uriegas was ...RELATED: Betsy Grunch Net Worth. Career. Dr. Bobby Price’s career is nothing short of exemplary, with a trajectory that began as a Clinical Staff Pharmacist in the ...Dr. Grunch is currently the Chief of Spine Surgery at the University of Arizona – Banner Health and practices at the Longstreet Clinic Neurosurgery and Orthopedic Surgery. Her dedication and expertise in the medical field, combined with her creative endeavors as a content creator, have undeniably contributed to her impressive net worth ...Betsy Grunch. TikTok Star Birthday February 27, 1980. Birth Sign Pisces. Birthplace Gainesville, GA . Age 44 years old #23785 Most Popular. Boost. About . TikTok star ...A company with a current level of net working capital may need further investment to reach its capital goals. It can then use the additional capital for production, expansion or fo...Saturday in the life #dayinthelife #neurosurgeon #mom #vlog. Dr. Betsy Grunch - Ladyspinedoc · Original audio Dr. Betsy Grunch is a leading figure in neurosurgery, known for her work in minimally invasive spine surgery.She boasts a Betsy Grunch net worth of $10 million. As the Chief of Spine Surgery at the University of Arizona – Banner Health, she combines surgical skill with business acumen. Location: Gainesville · 500+ connections on LinkedIn. View Betsy Grunch, MD, FAANS, FACS’ profile on LinkedIn, a professional community of 1 billion members.Dr. Betsy Grunch, M.D. - Longstreet Clinic Neurosurgery. ( 42 Reviews ) 655 Jesse Jewell Parkway SE Entry C. Gainesville, GA 30501. 770-533-7288.Home Dr. Betsy Grunch's Picks Collection Menu Sort by: Featured Best selling Alphabetically, A-Z Alphabetically, Z-A Price, low to high Price, high to low Date, old to new Date, new to oldHome Dr. Betsy Grunch's Picks Collection Menu Sort by: Featured Best selling Alphabetically, A-Z Alphabetically, Z-A Price, low to high Price, high to low Date, old to new Date, new to old.

Popular Topics